Mohammad AL Hamadi

Assignment

read a microcontroller data sheet program your board to do something, with as many different programming languages and programming environments as possible.

During the week of electronics design, I designed and built an electronic board and used an ATTINEY44 A AVR processor, as well as installing an LED and Switch.

Embedded program

is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.

Microcontroller datasheet

Thedatasheet I read was that of the ATtiny44, which is the microcontroller that I have used in the "Hello-world" PCB.

In the "Pin Configuration" section we see a couple of schematic diagrams of the formats in which 14 and 20 pins are available (although only 14 pins are used in the last one).
Followed by an explanation about the functions of each pin.
Three pins are intended for:
supply voltage (VCC), earth (GND) and reset, the rest are divided into two groups:
ports A and B.
Port A is 8 bits of bidirectional input/output analog, port B has 4 bits of bidirectional input/output, both ports have internal pull-up resistors.
In the "Overview" section, a block diagram of the microcontroller is shown, followed by a summary explanation of the functions of each component.
Conclusion
I use these pins, for input and output, port A
Programming my board

The ATTiny44 driver library was not installed in the Arduino IDE, it must be installed first, so I went to the "File / Preferences" menu "Card Additional URL Manager" Copy this link:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/damellis/attiny/ide-1.6.x-boards-manager/package_damellis_attiny_index.json

Then I clicked on the menu "Tools / Board / Boards Manager" and in the pop-up window I searched for "ATTiny" and installed it.

From the command file we choose an example, which is arduino Isp

From the menu "Tools / Board ATtiny24 / 44/84". Then in the "Tools / Processor" menu I chose "ATtiny44" The watch "I chose" 20 MHZ.

Because of this crisis that is occurring in the world I lacked some tools and I cannot get to LAP. So I used the Arduino tablet to program the tablet after I adjusted all the settings as it should.

To check that the board is working, I chose blink example to to make sure that the LED in my board which is connected to pin 1

As shown in the video below:

First, I will install the Ubuntu operating system on an external flash or on the computer, then we will update the Ubuntu system after opening it to make sure that all files are complete and so that no errors appear with us.

We'll open Terminal and write the following commands as you did last week:
here are several commands that must be followed to program the board:
First of all, we install the necessary package to program AVR 1 We install the following commands to activate the AVR library on the computer:
sudo apt-get install flex byacc bison gcc libusb-dev avrdude
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr
sudo apt-get install avr-libc
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
2-We download and install the DNA or the mind of the device using these commands:
First we define the destination, for example the desktop, after that we write a command
(wget http://academy.cba.mit.edu/classes/embedded_programming/firmware.zip)
Then we extract the files where we want them.
3- We install the DNA of the board using these instructions:
sudo make clean: to delete files that are not compatible with ATTINY44
sudo make hex: to create files that match the board Then we add a hashtag "#" note before the written line and add a note after it

Then we use the sudo make fuse command to link the file to be executed
sudo make program: This command collects the board with the file.
This is aTXT file for all of your steps

After completing the previous steps, we will use the Arduino programming language to book these commands after defining the input pin and the output pin

This is the video clip after all the procedures are completed:

I read about embedded programming to be able to program my Attiny44 electronic board, and I used a site FabAcademy-Tutorials for information on how to create a Makefile.

This site is for calculating fuse Engbedded Atmel AVR® Fuse Calculator

I will program the board that I produced in the design week, using the board that I produced in the week of production

In order to program, first I need AVR libraries which I can download as I did before in a week of production, when I programmed the ISP, secondly, I will need a crafting file and making tool, and I will also need C code, after I have made sure that my electronic board is working I will start the programming I will go to a datasheet Attiny44 in order to read some important ones that will help me programming.

Create Make File
A makefile is a file (by default named "Makefile") containing a set of directives used by a make build automation tool to generate a target/goal.

First, after calculating the fuse, I will create a file without a formula called Makefile. I used Neil's Makefile example, then amended it and deleted what was appropriate for the programming process,And I deleted all unnecessary lines (I kept the first 4 lines for configuring Makefile and the two lines for usbtiny and usbtiny fuses), I changed the fuse value that you calculated in the previous step.

 	 

            PROJECT=led
            SOURCES=$(PROJECT).c
            MMCU=attiny44
            F_CPU = 20000000
            CFLAGS=-mmcu=$(MMCU) -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)     #create set of parameters for the compiler (clock, MCU)
            
            $(PROJECT).hex: $(PROJECT).out
	        avr-objcopy -O ihex $(PROJECT).out $(PROJECT).c.hex;\      #copy and translate object files
	        avr-size --mcu=$(MMCU) --format=avr $(PROJECT).out         #size utility lists the section sizes               
            
            $(PROJECT).out: $(SOURCES)
	        avr-gcc $(CFLAGS) -I./ -o $(PROJECT).out $(SOURCES)        #to compile the file 
            
            program-fabISP: $(PROJECT).hex
	        avrdude -p t44 -P usb -c usbtiny -U flash:w:$(PROJECT).c.hex       #to upload the file
            
            program-fabISP-fuses: $(PROJECT).hex
	        avrdude -p t44 -P usb -c usbtiny -U lfuse:w:0x6A:m         #to upload the settings of the fuses

Create C-Code Led

 	 
            #include  -avr/io.h-
            #include  -util/delay.h-

            #define F_CPU20000UL
            #define LED_PORT PORTA
            #define Button PA0

            int main (void){
  
            DDRA = 0b10000000;//t Pin PA0 of PORT A as input (button) and set pin 1 of PORT A as output (LED)
            while (1){
            if(Button==1){
            LED_PORT = 0b01000000;  //set PA1 high
            }
            else{
            LED_PORT = 0b00000000;  //set PA1 low
            }
            }
            }

After writing the code in C language and creating a Makefile, I'll start with the next step

I will link fab isp to the electronic board of design week as shown in the picture below

The ISP Programming of ATtiny 44 using six pins .These are the 6 pins

SCK(Serial Clock): Programming clock, generated by the In-System Programmer (Master)

MOSI(Master Out - Slave In): Communication line from In-System Programmer (Master) to target AVR being programmed (Slave )

MISO( Master In - Slave Out ): Communication line from target AVR (Slave) to In- System Programmer (Master)

RST(Reset): To enable In-System Programming, the target AVR Reset must be kept active. To simplify this, the In-System Programmer should control the target AVR Reset

GND(Ground): Common Ground

After that, I will launch Ubuntu (I burned the system to an external flash drive) and then I will boot from this flash, after that I will open the terminal and use the following commands that I used previously.

sudo apt-get install flex byacc bison gcc libusb-dev avrdude
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr
sudo apt-get install avr-libc
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
I have created a folder on my desktop and put the files that I have worked on previously "makefile" and "code".

Then I'll write make. Then I will write program-fabISP to the terminal
To make sure that the work is done, we go to the file that you created (which contains the makefile and C-Code). This step should produce two files .hex & .out.

After completing these steps the board will work

installing the packages & make and make program commands

 	 
      ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install flex byacc bison gcc libusb-dev avrdude
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libwayland-egl1-mesa
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  gcc-7 libasan4 libatomic1 libbison-dev libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5
  libfl-dev libfl2 libftdi1 libgcc-7-dev libitm1 liblsan0 libmpx2 libquadmath0
  libsigsegv2 libtsan0 libubsan0 libusb-0.1-4 linux-libc-dev m4 manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
  avrdude-doc bison-doc build-essential flex-doc gcc-multilib make autoconf
  automake libtool gcc-doc gcc-7-multilib gcc-7-doc gcc-7-locales libgcc1-dbg
  libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan4-dbg liblsan0-dbg
  libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx2-dbg libquadmath0-dbg
  glibc-doc m4-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  avrdude bison byacc flex gcc gcc-7 libasan4 libatomic1 libbison-dev
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libfl-dev libfl2 libftdi1 libgcc-7-dev
  libitm1 liblsan0 libmpx2 libquadmath0 libsigsegv2 libtsan0 libubsan0
  libusb-0.1-4 libusb-dev linux-libc-dev m4 manpages-dev
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ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install gcc-avr
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libwayland-egl1-mesa
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils-avr
Suggested packages:
  task-c-devel gcc-doc avr-libc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils-avr gcc-avr
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install avr-libc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libwayland-egl1-mesa
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
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  avr-libc
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/make$  make 
make: Warning: File 'led.c' has modification time 6814 s in the future
avr-gcc -mmcu=attiny44 -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=20000000 -I./ -o led.out led.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex led.out led.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny44 --format=avr led.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny44

Program:      64 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          0 bytes (0.0% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)


make: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/make$  make  program-usbtiny
make: Warning: File 'led.c' has modification time 6738 s in the future
avr-gcc -mmcu=attiny44 -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=20000000 -I./ -o led.out led.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex led.out led.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny44 --format=avr led.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny44

Program:      64 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          0 bytes (0.0% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)


avrdude -p t44 -P usb -c usbtiny -U flash:w:led.c.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9207 (probably t44)
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "led.c.hex"
avrdude: input file led.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (64 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.06s

avrdude: 64 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against led.c.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file led.c.hex:
avrdude: input file led.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file led.c.hex contains 64 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.07s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 64 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FF, H:DF, L:FE)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/make$

This is the site for group assignments:Press here
led c-code
Make FIle
Results of the steps that I did in terminal

Mohammad Al Hamadi

Embedded programming

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